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Signs and causes of narcolepsy and ways to manage them

Signs and causes of narcolepsy and ways to manage them

The body rest and rejuvenates during the night sleep, but some individuals constantly battle the tides of drowsiness and sleep attacks during waking hours. Such individuals may be suffering from a neurological condition called narcolepsy. This sleep disorder presents unique challenges for those affected. The unexpected sleep attacks can disrupt one’s daily life, including productivity, relationships, and overall well-being. Here are the most common signs, causes, and strategies to support those navigating this condition.

What is narcolepsy?
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that disrupts the normal sleep-wake cycle. People with narcolepsy often feel excessively sleepy during the day, struggling to stay awake and alert. These unexpected bouts of sleep can interfere with their normal routine and productivity, making it difficult to concentrate, perform tasks, and engage in social activities. Narcolepsy is a lifelong condition, typically emerging during adolescence or early adulthood.

Narcolepsy Signs

  • Unexpected sleep episodes
    Narcolepsy can trigger sudden and uncontrollable sleep episodes, commonly known as sleep attacks. People with narcolepsy may find themselves falling asleep during conversations, while at work or school, while driving, or even during social gatherings. These sudden sleep attacks can be disruptive and potentially hazardous.
  • Fragmented sleep
    Apart from this, individuals with narcolepsy may often have difficulty staying asleep at night due to fragmented sleep and insomnia. They may also experience automatic behaviors, where they briefly fall asleep during activities like eating or talking, continuing them without realizing it, or even driving, which can pose a serious risk to one’s life.
  • Sleep paralysis
    Sleep paralysis is a condition that brings a temporary loss of muscle control. The condition occurs when one’s brain doesn’t transition smoothly between sleep stages, and one may find it impossible to move. This state may last a few seconds to some minutes and usually passes quickly.
  • Muscle weakness (Cataplexy)
    A distinct symptom of narcolepsy is cataplexy, characterized by sudden muscle weakness or loss of muscle control. Strong emotions like laughter, surprise, or anger can trigger these episodes. During a cataplectic episode, individuals may experience temporary paralysis or a weakening of specific muscle groups, sometimes causing them to collapse or struggle to move. Cataplexy can range in severity and significantly impact a person’s quality of life.
  • Hallucinations
    People may find these hallucinations confusing and alarming, further contributing to disrupted sleep patterns and overall distress. Hallucinations may be characterized by strong and convincing feelings about something that is not present in reality. These episodes may occur just before falling asleep or waking up. One who experiences sleep paralysis and hallucinations is more likely to be diagnosed with narcolepsy.

These symptoms, however, may not always mean that one is suffering from narcolepsy. Sometimes, they may be caused by other health concerns or lifestyle changes. It’s best to consult a healthcare professional who specializes in sleep disorders. A thorough assessment of one’s signs, healthcare examinations, and family history can help the doctor confirm the diagnosis and give proper and personalized treatment.

Possible causes of narcolepsy

  • Brain chemistry
    Recent studies have shown an association of narcolepsy with an imbalance in certain neurotransmitters and chemicals in the brain. A brain chemical called hypocretin governs sleep, and certain brain neurons work together to stabilize one’s sleep-wake cycles. It is believed that a lack of hypocretin throws off the neurotransmitter balance that regulates alertness and sleep.
  • Autoimmune disorders
    Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies healthy cells in the body as foreign or harmful and launches an attack against them. This misguided immune response leads to the destruction or dysfunction of healthy tissues and organs. In narcolepsy, one’s immune system is known to attack the hypocretin-containing brain cells.
  • Family history
    One’s family history plays a significant role in one’s risk of developing narcolepsy. While it may also affect anyone, about 10 percent of people with the condition had a close relative or family member suffering from the condition.
  • Brain injuries
    Any brain injury resulting from accidents or head trauma, or the presence of a tumor, can also significantly increase an individual’s risk of developing narcolepsy. The traumatic impact can disrupt the delicate balance of brain chemistry and interfere with the normal functioning of sleep-wake regulatory systems.

Apart from these, any chronic physiological stress or major hormonal changes like menopause, a sudden switch in one’s lifestyle and sleep patterns, as well as infections, can also trigger one’s condition.

Natural ways to manage narcolepsy

  • Consider taking power naps
    Setting aside 20 minutes to an hour during the day to rest can help one to manage sleepiness and also help one’s body to rejuvenate and restore its energy levels. Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day can help regulate sleep patterns and reduce excessive daytime sleepiness.
  • Acupuncture
    While the precise mechanisms behind acupuncture’s effects are still being explored, this ancient practice offers a potential avenue for managing narcolepsy symptoms naturally.
  • Lifestyle adjustments
    Making certain lifestyle modifications can have a positive impact on managing narcolepsy. Establishing a consistent sleep schedule and creating a sleep-friendly environment with a cool, dark, and quiet bedroom can enhance sleep quality. Regular physical activity like swimming, walking, dancing, cycling, and yoga can also contribute to better overall sleep, better balance and fitness, and increased wakefulness during the day. It can keep one’s muscles engaged and strengthen them, which usually tend to go limp in those with narcolepsy.
  • Avoid caffeine
    Avoid caffeine after 2 PM. Caffeine is a stimulant that heightens one’s awareness, so one’s body may find it difficult to wind down if one has coffee or drinks with caffeine in the evening or at night. It can also negatively affect one’s quality of sleep.

Mind-body techniques, herbal remedies, aromatherapy, acupuncture, and lifestyle alterations offer promising avenues for symptom relief and overall well-being. It is essential to approach natural treatments with caution. Consultation with a healthcare professional or a physical therapist can provide guidance on appropriate exercise routines.

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